A Battery- Capacitor Integrated to Electric Vehicle and Microgrid Incorporated Operations in V2G and G2V

Abstract

The production of battery technology, as well as electric vehicles (EVs), has recently gained a lot of attention.
Despite major advancements in battery technology, current batteries do not fully satisfy the energy demands of
EV electricity usage. Non-monotonic energy consumption followed by repeated adjustments during the battery
discharging period is one of the major concerns. The recent surge in interest surrounding electric vehicles (EVs)
has heightened the demand for advancements in battery technology. While significant progress has been made,
the energy demands of EVs still often outstrip the capabilities of current batteries. A critical issue lies in the nonmonotonic
energy consumption patterns during the battery discharge cycle, marked by repeated fluctuations.
These fluctuations pose a risk to the battery's electrochemical processes, potentially impacting its longevity. One
promising solution is the integration of a supercapacitor, an electrochemical cell boasting a similar underlying
design but with significantly higher rate capabilities and cycling performance. In this hybrid configuration, the
supercapacitor supplements the battery by providing bursts of additional energy, relieving stress during those
periods of peak demand. Beyond the selection of the battery and supercapacitor components themselves, the
success of this hybrid system also hinges on meticulous electrical engineering design. Careful consideration
must be given to the system's architecture to achieve optimal power management between the two components.
The result of this combined battery-supercapacitor system has the potential to significantly enhance battery
lifespan and bolster overall EV performance.