Design of a Novel UWB Microstrip patch antenna for Breast Cancer detection

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common and life-threatening diseases affecting women worldwide, and early detection plays a vital role in reducing mortality rates. Conventional diagnostic techniques such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI suffer from limitations including high cost, radiation exposure, discomfort, and reduced accuracy in dense breast tissues. To overcome these challenges, microwave imaging using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antennas has emerged as a promising non-invasive and safe diagnostic approach. This project presents the design of a novel UWB microstrip patch antenna specifically developed for breast cancer detection applications. The proposed antenna operates over a wide frequency range, enabling high-resolution imaging of breast tissues. The compact size, low profile, and ease of fabrication make it suitable for wearable and medical imaging systems. A defected ground structure and optimized patch geometry are employed to enhance bandwidth and radiation performance. The antenna exhibits stable radiation patterns, low return loss, and acceptable gain across the UWB spectrum. Simulation results demonstrate effective penetration and sensitivity to dielectric variations in breast tissues. The proposed design proves to be a cost-effective and patient-friendly solution for early breast cancer diagnosis.